Understanding Subway Tile
Subway tile was designed by architects George C. Heins and Christopher Grant LaFarge for the first New York City subway stations, which opened in 1904. The designers chose white glazed rectangular tiles because the glossy surface was easy to clean in the grimy underground environment, the white color reflected the limited electric lighting, and the simple rectangular format was inexpensive to mass-produce. The original tiles were 3x6 inches — a 1:2 ratio that became the defining proportion. The tiles quickly migrated from public transit to residential use, becoming a standard for bathrooms and kitchens throughout the early 20th century. Modern subway tile has expanded far beyond the original format: sizes now range from 2x4 inches to 4x12 inches, finishes include matte, glossy, crackle, and handmade textures, and materials include glass, marble, zellige, and porcelain in virtually every color.
Subway Tile in Interior Design
Subway tile is the most popular backsplash and wall tile in residential design due to its versatility, affordability, and timeless appeal. The classic white 3x6 tile in a running bond (brick-lay) pattern remains the most common application — it works in nearly every kitchen and bathroom style. However, the layout pattern dramatically changes the look: herringbone and chevron patterns add dynamic energy, vertical stack bond feels modern and architectural, and crosshatch or basketweave patterns create geometric interest. Colored subway tile is trending strongly — sage green, navy blue, and zellige-style terracotta bring personality while maintaining the clean-lined format. Grout color is another key design lever: white grout with white tile creates a seamless look; dark grout with white tile emphasizes the grid pattern; and matching grout with colored tile creates a monolithic surface.